The Walls of Jerusalem is dominated by alpine vegetation and endemic conifer forests amid a high plateau of dolerite peaks. The dolerite within the park is derived from dramatic tectonic activity during the Jurassic some 165 million years ago. Much of the beauty of the present day landscape is the result of Pleistocene glaciations. These resulted in many of the landscape features found within the park, such as moraines and numerous tarns and lakes.
The alpine vegetation within the park includes bolster heaths which play a major role in determining local topography. Stands of pure pencil pine forest are found in fire-protected areas; however much of the park's native conifers were destroyed by fire in the early 1960s.
There are no real facilities at the park, all visitors need to be self sufficient.

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